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The CDC described synthetic cannabinoid overdoses between 2010 and 2015 and of 277 drug overdose patients who reported synthetic cannabinoid as the sole agent, 66.1% reported problems in the central nervous system (e.g., agitation, coma, toxic psychosis), 17% reported cardiovascular problems (e.g., tachycardia, bradycardia), 7.6% reported ...
JWH-018 is a full agonist of both the CB 1 and CB 2 cannabinoid receptors, with a reported binding affinity of 9.00 ± 5.00 nM at CB 1 and 2.94 ± 2.65 nM at CB 2. [6] JWH-018 has an EC 50 of 102 nM for human CB 1 receptors, and 133 nM for human CB 2 receptors. [16]
In 2021, MDMB-4en-PINACA was the most common synthetic cannabinoid identified by the Drug Enforcement Administration in the United States. [10] MDMB-4en-PINACA differs from 5F-MDMB-PINACA due to replacement of 5-fluoropentyl with a pent-4-ene moiety (4-en).
MDMB-BINACA (MDMB-BUTINACA) is an indazole-3-carboxamide based synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist that has been sold as a designer drug, first identified in Sweden in May 2023. It has a similar chemical structure to potent cannabinoid agonists previously reported such as ADB-BUTINACA and MDMB-5'Br-BUTINACA, and is believed to have similar ...
AB-CHMINACA is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid.It is a potent agonist of the CB 1 receptor (K i = 0.78 nM) and CB 2 receptor (K i = 0.45 nM) and fully substitutes for Δ 9-THC in rat discrimination studies, while being 16x more potent.
O-1602 is a synthetic compound most closely related to abnormal cannabidiol, and more distantly related in structure to cannabinoid drugs such as THC.O-1602 does not bind to the classical cannabinoid receptors CB 1 or CB 2 with any significant affinity, but instead is an agonist at several other receptors which appear to be related to the cannabinoid receptors, particularly GPR18 and GPR55.
"The psychoactive (and probably the toxic) effects of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists are likely due to their action as full receptor agonists and their greater potency at CB1 receptors." However, ∆ 8-THC and ∆ 9-THC are partial agonists of cannabinoid receptors. [16] They are less potent than many synthetic cannabinoids. [30]
4F-MDMB-BINACA (also known as MDMB-4F-BINACA, [2] 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA or 4F-ADB) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid from the indazole-3-carboxamide family. [3] It should not be confused with the amantadine analogue 4F-ABINACA. It has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products and sold as a designer drug since late 2018.