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The history of the cooking skills employed in Hunan cuisine dates back to the 17th century. [1] The first mention of chili peppers in local gazettes in the province date to 1684, 21st year of the Kangxi Emperor. [3] During the course of its history, Hunan cuisine assimilated a variety of local forms, eventually evolving into its own style.
Some typical dishes of Hunan cuisine are steaming smoked meat, stew fish, and rice noodle soup. Besides spicy, Hunan cuisine, especially western Hunan, also emphasizes sourness. Therefore, different kinds of pickles are popular in Hunan; for example, douchi is a type of fermented and salted black soybean.
A large number of exquisite ceramic cookware and wine utensils unearthed from the Southern Neolithic site, as well as the remains of cereals and animals, confirmed that the ancestors of Hunan people had eaten cooked food as early as 8000–9000 years ago. During the Spring and Autumn period, Hunan was mainly where the Chu people lived.
Xiang or Hsiang (Chinese: 湘; Changsha Xiang: [sian˧ y˦˩], [2] Mandarin: [ɕi̯aŋ˥ y˨˩˦]), also known as Hunanese, is a group of linguistically similar and historically related Sinitic languages, spoken mainly in Hunan province but also in northern Guangxi and parts of neighboring Guizhou, Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangxi and Hubei provinces.
Hunan cuisine is very famous of its use of chili peppers and has a history of cooking skills employed in it dating back to the 17th century. [4]Mao Zedong once told Otto Braun: “The food of the true revolutionary is the red pepper, and he who cannot endure red peppers is also unable to fight.” [5]
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The Xong language (Dut Xonb [tu53 ɕõ35]) [2] is the northernmost Hmongic language, spoken in south-central China by around 0.9 million people. It is called Xiangxi Miaoyu (湘西苗语, "Western Hunan Miao") in Chinese, as well as Eastern Miao (东部苗语). In Western sources, it has been called Meo, Red Miao, and North Hmongic. [3]
Waxiang (simplified Chinese: 瓦乡话; traditional Chinese: 瓦鄉話; pinyin: Wǎxiānghuà; ɕioŋ˥tsa˧) is a divergent variety of Chinese, [3] [4] spoken by the Waxiang people, an unrecognized ethnic minority group in the northwestern part of Hunan province, China.