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A reinforced concrete column is a structural member designed to carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an embedded steel frame to provide reinforcement. For design purposes, the columns are separated into two categories: short columns and slender columns.
The height of the ribs and beams should be 1 ⁄ 25 of the span between columns. [3] The width of the solid area around the column should be 1 ⁄ 8 of the span between columns. Its height should be the same as the ribs. [3] Diagram showing waffle slab rib and Beam Heights rule of thumb formulas.
Logo of Eurocode 2 An example of a concrete structure. In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures (abbreviated EN 1992 or, informally, EC 2) specifies technical rules for the design of concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures, using the limit state design philosophy.
IS: 1199 – methods of sampling and analysis of concrete. IS: 516BXB JWJJS– methods of test for strength of concrete. IS: 13311 – ultrasonic testing of concrete structures. IS: 4925 – specifications for concrete batching plant. IS: 3025 – tests on water samples; IS: 4990 – specifications for plywood formwork for concrete.
Columns and entablature, structural elements that transmit, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. Columns are compression members . Subcategories
EN 1994-1-2 deals with the design of composite steel and concrete structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1994-1-1 and EN 1991-1-2. This part only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design and deals only with passive methods of fire protection.
[4] [5] In the case of free-standing columns, the decorative elements atop the shaft are known as a finial. Modern columns may be constructed out of steel, poured or precast concrete, or brick, left bare or clad in an architectural covering, or veneer. Used to support an arch, an impost, or pier, is the topmost member of a column. The bottom ...
[29] [30] The aggregates used for making concrete should be free from harmful substances like organic impurities, silt, clay, lignite, etc. Typical concrete mixes have high resistance to compressive stresses (about 4,000 psi (28 MPa)); however, any appreciable tension (e.g., due to bending) will break the microscopic rigid lattice, resulting in ...