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Myers proposes calculating the VTS by discounting the tax savings at the cost of debt (Kd). [5] The argument is that the risk of the tax saving arising from the use of debt is the same as the risk of the debt. [6] The method is to calculate the NPV of the project as if it is all-equity financed (so called "base case"). [7]
The cost of debt may be calculated for each period as the scheduled after-tax interest payment as a percentage of outstanding debt; see Corporate finance § Debt capital. The value-weighted combination of these will then return the appropriate discount rate for each year of the forecast period.
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is an approach to determining a discount rate that incorporates both equity and debt financing; the method determines the subject company's actual cost of capital by calculating the weighted average of the company's cost of debt and cost of equity. The debt cost is essentially the company's after tax ...
Debt-service coverage ratio (DSCR) looks at a company's cash flow versus its debts. The ratio is used when gauging a business's ability to pay off current loans and take on future financing.
For instance, an asset that matures and pays $1 in one year is worth less than $1 today. The size of the discount is based on an opportunity cost of capital and it is expressed as a percentage or discount rate. In finance theory, the amount of the opportunity cost is based on a relation between the risk and return of some sort of investment.
Focusing on cash flow -- instead of the accrual based figures that Wall Street is so fond of -- is a good way for investors to measure a company's financial health and operational strength.
If there are mandatory repayments of debt, then some analysts utilize levered free cash flow, which is the same formula above, but less interest and mandatory principal repayments. The unlevered cash flow (UFCF) is usually used as the industry norm, because it allows for easier comparison of different companies’ cash flows.
For a corporation with a published balance sheet there are various ratios used to calculate a measure of liquidity. [1] These include the following: [2] The current ratio is the simplest measure and calculated by dividing the total current assets by the total current liabilities. A value of over 100% is normal in a non-banking corporation.