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The non-pathogenic and gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, is used for high level production of recombinant proteins; commonly for the development bio-therapeutics and vaccines. P. fluorescens is a metabolically versatile organism, allowing for high throughput screening and rapid development of complex proteins.
In most bacteria the most numerous intracellular structure is the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis in all living organisms. All prokaryotes have 70S (where S= Svedberg units) ribosomes while eukaryotes contain larger 80S ribosomes in their cytosol .
Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins. Proteins perform a number of critical functions as enzymes, structural proteins or hormones.
When bacterial cells run out of nutrients, they enter stationary phase and downregulate protein synthesis. Several processes mediate this transition. [17] For instance, in E. coli, 70S ribosomes form 90S dimers upon binding with a small 6.5 kDa protein, ribosome modulation factor RMF.
Like all other organisms, bacteria contain ribosomes for the production of proteins, but the structure of the bacterial ribosome is different from that of eukaryotes and archaea. [69] Some bacteria produce intracellular nutrient storage granules, such as glycogen, [70] polyphosphate, [71] sulfur [72] or polyhydroxyalkanoates. [73]
This subunit helps to regulate translation, as it becomes phosphorylated to inhibit protein synthesis. [ 2 ] The eIF4F complex supports the cap-dependent translation initiation process and is composed of the initiation factors eIF4A , eIF4E , and eIF4G .
The general secretion (Sec) involves secretion of unfolded proteins that first remain inside the cells. In Gram-negative bacteria, the secreted protein is sent to either the inner membrane or the periplasm. But in Gram-positive bacteria, the protein can stay in the cell or is mostly transported out of the bacteria using other secretion systems.
A bacterial initiation factor (IF) is a protein that stabilizes the initiation complex for polypeptide translation. Translation initiation is essential to protein synthesis and regulates mRNA translation fidelity and efficiency in bacteria. [1] The 30S ribosomal subunit, initiator tRNA, and mRNA form an initiation complex for elongation. [2]
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