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algorithm nested_loop_join is for each tuple r in R do for each tuple s in S do if r and s satisfy the join condition then yield tuple <r,s> This algorithm will involve n r *b s + b r block transfers and n r +b r seeks, where b r and b s are number of blocks in relations R and S respectively, and n r is the number of tuples in relation R.
Loop interchange on this example can improve the cache performance of accessing b(j,i), but it will ruin the reuse of a(i) and c(i) in the inner loop, as it introduces two extra loads (for a(i) and for c(i)) and one extra store (for a(i)) during each iteration. As a result, the overall performance may be degraded after loop interchange.
A block-nested loop (BNL) is an algorithm used to join two relations in a relational database. [ 1 ] This algorithm [ 2 ] is a variation of the simple nested loop join and joins two relations R {\displaystyle R} and S {\displaystyle S} (the "outer" and "inner" join operands, respectively).
The hash join is an example of a join algorithm and is used in the implementation of a relational database management system.All variants of hash join algorithms involve building hash tables from the tuples of one or both of the joined relations, and subsequently probing those tables so that only tuples with the same hash code need to be compared for equality in equijoins.
(Nested loops occur when one loop is inside of another loop.) One classical usage is to reduce memory access latency or the cache bandwidth necessary due to cache reuse for some common linear algebra algorithms. The technique used to produce this optimization is called loop tiling, [1] also known as loop blocking [2] or strip mine and interchange.
A hash variable is typically marked by a % sigil, to visually distinguish it from scalar, array, and other data types, and to define its behaviour towards iteration. A hash literal is a key-value list, with the preferred form using Perl's => token, which makes the key-value association clearer:
Because the entire inner loop is performed for each iteration of the outer loop, optimizations of the inner loop will have much greater effect than optimizations of the outer loop. In many languages there are at least two types of loops – for loops and while loops – and they can be nested within each other. [1]
Sometimes within the body of a loop there is a desire to skip the remainder of the loop body and continue with the next iteration of the loop. Some languages provide a statement such as continue (most languages), skip , [ 8 ] cycle (Fortran), or next (Perl and Ruby), which will do this.