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Smoker melanosis in a patient consuming 2 packs of cigarette per day. Smoking or the use of nicotine-containing drugs is the cause to Smoker's melanosis. [10] [11] Tar-components (benzopyrenes) are also known to stimulate melanocytes to melanin production, and other unknown toxic agents in tobacco may also be the cause.
These cells produce melanin, which are pigments that cause light or dark brown spots in gums and oral mucosa. The most common cause is genetic factors or tobacco smoking, Smoker's melanosis. [2] If the melanin pigmentation is found in a person smoking cigarettes, the most effective way to get rid of the pigmentation is to stop smoking.
Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums; [1] ulitis is an alternative term. [2] The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that are attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis.
Gum disease is typically caused by a bacterial infection that results from an overgrowth of dental plaque — a sticky, colorless film — on the teeth and gums. If plaque isn't adequately removed ...
As gingivitis progresses further and is not treated, it may progress into periodontitis. Periodontal disease is when the gums surrounding the teeth become swollen causing surrounding plaque to build up. If left untreated can cause the teeth to become loose due to weak gums. Periodontal disease can compromise factors such as: [4] Gingiva ...
Another very common cause of white patches in the mouth is frictional or irritational trauma leading to keratosis. Examples include nicotine stomatitis, which is keratosis in response to heat from tobacco smoking (rather than a response to the carcinogens in tobacco smoke). The risk of malignant transformation is similar to normal mucosa.
The cause of nicotine stomatitis is thought to be chemical or thermally induced keratosis. [3] The chemicals in tobacco may act as irritants in this condition. [2] Chronic heat exposure is also responsible. Pipe smoking produces more heat on the palate than any other forms of smoking.
Other factors can include age, socio-economic status, oral hygiene education and diet. Systemic factors may include uncontrolled diabetes or tobacco smoking. [15] Signs and symptoms of periodontal disease: bleeding gums, gingival recession, halitosis (bad breath), mobile teeth, ill-fitting dentures and buildup of plaque and calculus. [16]
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