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Indian classical music is the classical music of the Indian subcontinent. [1] It is generally described using terms like Shastriya Sangeet and Marg Sangeet. [2] [3] It has two major traditions: the North Indian classical music known as Hindustani and the South Indian expression known as Carnatic. [4]
Vedic music has madhyama or ma as principal note so that tonal movement is possible towards lower and higher pitches, thus ma is taken for granted as fixed in any tonal music (madhyama avilopi, मध्यम अविलोपी). One-svara Vedic singing is called ārcika chanting, e.g. in chanting the following texts on one note:
"All harmonic idioms in popular music are tonal, and none is without function." [4] [vague] Tonality is an organized system of tones (e.g., the tones of a major or minor scale) in which one tone (the tonic) becomes the central point for the remaining tones. The other tones in a tonal piece are all defined in terms of their relationship to the ...
The Harikatha tradition, which originated in the Indian state of Maharashtra, involves popular storytelling combined with dance and music. Krishna Bhagavathar, an exponent of Carnatic music , is responsible for creating the South Indian harikatha style - singing in raga, dancing with tala, and narrating stories in a manner that sustains the ...
In Indian classical music, improvisation is a core component and an essential criterion of performances. In Indian, Afghan, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi classical music, raga is the "tonal framework for composition and improvisation". [5] The Encyclopædia Britannica defines a raga as "a melodic framework for improvisation and composition". [6]
The tonal system, too, flows into these as well, a system intended to bring purposeful order into the world of chords through its selection of the harmonic degrees. The mediator between the horizontal formulation of tonality presented by the Urlinie and the vertical formulation presented by the harmonic degrees is voice leading .
In the major classical Indian music traditions, the beats are hierarchically arranged based on how the music piece is to be performed. [4] The most widely used tala in the South Indian system is Adi tala. [4] In the North Indian system, the most common tala is teental. [12] Tala has other contextual meanings in ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism.
This is a list of set classes, by Forte number. [1] A set class (an abbreviation of pitch-class-set class) in music theory is an ascending collection of pitch classes, transposed to begin at zero. For a list of ordered collections, see: list of tone rows and series. Sets are listed with links to their complements. The prime form of ...