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Canine distemper virus is closely related to measles virus and is the most important viral disease of dogs. The disease (which was first described in 1760, by Edward Jenner, the pioneer of smallpox vaccination, is highly contagious, but is well controlled by vaccination. In the 1990s, thousands of African lions died from the infection, which ...
Influenza viruses are members of the family Orthomyxoviridae. [2] Influenza viruses A, B, C, and D represent the four antigenic types of influenza viruses. [3] Of the four antigenic types, influenza A virus is the most severe, influenza B virus is less severe but can still cause outbreaks, and influenza C virus is usually only associated with minor symptoms.
The Molluscum contagiosum virus virion is described as oval-shaped and has the dimension of approximately 320 nm × 250 nm × 200 nm. The virus has two distinct infectious particles called the mature virion (MV) and the enveloped virion (EV), which differ in that the EV contains a second outer cellular membrane.
Polyomaviridae is a family of viruses whose natural hosts are primarily mammals and birds. [1] [2] As of 2024, there are eight recognized genera. [3]Fourteen species are known to infect humans, while others, such as Simian Virus 40, have been identified in humans to a lesser extent.
The vaccinia virus is an effective tool for foreign protein expression, as it elicits a strong host immune-response. The vaccinia virus enters cells primarily by cell fusion, although currently the receptor responsible is unknown. [citation needed] Vaccinia contains three classes of genes: early, intermediate and late.
When these virus are spread to humans through zoonotic events they have been found to be one of the most deadly viruses with the capability to infect humans, with mortality rates between 50 and 100%. Therefore, these viruses have been classified as a biosafety level four (BSL-4) virus with regards to its pathogenesis when it infects humans.
Cowpox is an infectious disease caused by the cowpox virus (CPXV). [2] It presents with large blisters in the skin, a fever and swollen glands, historically typically following contact with an infected cow, though in the last several decades more often (though overall rarely) from infected cats. [3]
The monkeypox virus is a zoonotic virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus, which itself is a member of the family Poxviridae (also known as the poxvirus family). [9] Of note, the Orthopoxvirus genus includes the variola virus that prior to eradication via the advent of the smallpox vaccine, was the cause of the infectious human disease known as smallpox. [10]