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The xanthogranulomatous type of inflammation is most-commonly seen in pyelonephritis and cholecystitis, although it has more recently been described in an array of other locations including bronchi, lung, endometrium, vagina, fallopian tubes, ovary, testis, epididymis, stomach, colon, ileum, pancreas, bone, lymph nodes, bladder, adrenal gland ...
The nuclei form a circle or semicircle similar to the shape of a horseshoe away from the center of the cell. Langhans giant cell was typically associated with tuberculosis but has been found to occur in many types of granulomatous diseases. Langhans giant cell could be closely related to tuberculosis, syphilis, sarcoidosis, and deep fungal ...
A granuloma is an aggregation of macrophages (along with other cells) that forms in response to chronic inflammation. This occurs when the immune system attempts to isolate foreign substances that it is otherwise unable to eliminate. [ 1 ]
In a cohort of 59 CVID patients with granulomatous disease, 30 (51%) of whom had lung involvement, complete remission of disease was obtained in 5 of 25 attempts using corticosteroids (three patients), methotrexate (1 patient) and cyclophosphamide (1 patient). [2] Partial responses were also seen with rituximab and hydroxychloroquine.
Granulation tissue with a poorly formed granuloma to the left of centre. Within this area there is a multinucleate giant cell of the Langhans type. The patient had a healing mycobacterial infection of the skin (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection). Langhans giant cells (LGC) are giant cells found in granulomatous conditions.
Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma is characterized by localized changes in lung architecture determined by deposition of hyaline collagenous fibrosis accompanied by sparse lymphocytic infiltrate that compresses and distorts the remaining bronchioles. A higher magnification, the mass is composed by hypocellular collagen lamellae. [3]
Berylliosis, or chronic beryllium disease (CBD), is a chronic allergic-type lung response and chronic lung disease caused by exposure to beryllium and its compounds, a form of beryllium poisoning. It is distinct from acute beryllium poisoning , which became rare following occupational exposure limits established around 1950. [ 1 ]
Rarely, a thoracoscopic lung biopsy is required. On histopathological examination, a biopsy will show leukocytoclastic vasculitis with necrotic changes and granulomatous inflammation (clumps of typically arranged white blood cells) on microscopy. These granulomas are the main reason for the name granulomatosis with polyangiitis, although it is ...