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Grade 1 retrolistheses of C3 on C4 and C4 on C5 Main article: Retrolisthesis A retrolisthesis is a posterior displacement of one vertebral body with respect to the subjacent vertebra to a degree less than a luxation (dislocation) .
Retrolisthesis can be classified as a form of spondylolisthesis, since spondylolisthesis is often defined in the literature as displacement in any direction. [1] [2] Yet, medical dictionaries usually define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum).
C4 is a para-cycling classification. It includes people with lower limb impairments or issues with lower limb functionality. Disability groups covered by this classification include people with cerebral palsy, amputations and other lower limb impairments. The responsibility for this classification passed from the IPC to the UCI in September 2006.
Most patients with spondylolysis do not require surgery but, if the symptoms are not relieved with non-surgical treatments, or when the condition progresses to high grade spondylolisthesis, then patients may require surgery. [23] Spinal fusion: This procedure is recommended when a set of vertebrae becomes loose or unstable. The surgeon joins ...
Classification numbers indicate the severity level of limitation, with 1 being the most severe, for example the lower numbers indicate both lower and upper limb limitations, whereas, the higher numbers apply to athletes with only lower limb limitations. Upright bicycles: For using a "standard" bicycle, there are five sports classes, C1-C5.
The cervical spinal nerve 5 (C5) is a spinal nerve of the cervical segment. [1]It originates from the spinal column from above the cervical vertebra 5 (C5). It contributes to the phrenic nerve, long thoracic nerve, and dorsal scapular nerve before joining cervical spinal nerve 6 to form the upper trunk, a trunk of the brachial plexus, which then forms the lateral cord, and finally the ...
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C5 is a para-cycling classification. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) recommends this be coded as MC5 or WC5. [1] Definition. PBS defined this classification ...