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Rubber elasticity is the ability of solid rubber to be stretched up to a factor of 10 from its original length, and return to close to its original length upon release. This process can be repeated many times with no apparent degradation to the rubber. [1] Rubber, like all materials, consists of molecules.
The Gent hyperelastic material model [1] is a phenomenological model of rubber elasticity that is based on the concept of limiting chain extensibility. In this model, the strain energy density function is designed such that it has a singularity when the first invariant of the left Cauchy-Green deformation tensor reaches a limiting value .
Therefore, there are 3 4 =81 partial differential equations, however due to symmetry conditions, this number reduces to six different compatibility conditions. We can write these conditions in index notation as [ 4 ]
In continuum mechanics, an Arruda–Boyce model [1] is a hyperelastic constitutive model used to describe the mechanical behavior of rubber and other polymeric substances. This model is based on the statistical mechanics of a material with a cubic representative volume element containing eight chains along the diagonal directions.
The Yeoh model for incompressible rubber is a function only of . For compressible rubbers, a dependence on I 3 {\displaystyle I_{3}} is added on. Since a polynomial form of the strain energy density function is used but all the three invariants of the left Cauchy-Green deformation tensor are not, the Yeoh model is also called the reduced ...
= = = = (+ + + + +) [3] A strain energy density function is used to define a hyperelastic material by postulating that the stress in the material can be obtained by taking the derivative of W {\displaystyle W} with respect to the strain .
The bulk modulus (K) describes volumetric elasticity, or the tendency of an object to deform in all directions when uniformly loaded in all directions; it is defined as volumetric stress over volumetric strain, and is the inverse of compressibility. The bulk modulus is an extension of Young's modulus to three dimensions.
Elasticity - Theory, applications and numerics. New York: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-12-605811-3. OCLC 162576656. Knops, R. J. (1958). "On the Variation of Poisson's Ratio in the Solution of Elastic Problems". The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics. 11 (3). Oxford University Press: 326– 350. doi:10.1093/qjmam ...