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The drug is eliminated renally. In normal patients flucytosine has reportedly a half-life of 2.5 to 6 hours. In patients with impaired renal function higher serum levels are seen and the drug tends to accumulate. The drug is mainly excreted unchanged in the urine (90% of an oral dose) and only traces are metabolized and excreted in the feces.
[6] [5] Fluconazole is in the azole antifungal family of medication. [5] It is believed to work by affecting the fungal cellular membrane. [5] Fluconazole was patented in 1981 and came into commercial use in 1988. [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8] Fluconazole is available as a generic medication. [5]
The FDA approved only the five-mg, twice-daily dose on the grounds that a higher dose was not considered to have an adequate risk-to-benefit ratio. [34] In September 2020, the FDA approved tofacitinib for the treatment of children and adolescents two years of age and older with active polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis. [35]
Schematic of semipermeable membrane during hemodialysis, where blood is red, dialysing fluid is blue, and the membrane is yellow. Kidney dialysis (from Greek διάλυσις, dialysis, 'dissolution'; from διά, dia, 'through', and λύσις, lysis, 'loosening or splitting') is the process of removing excess water, solutes, and toxins from the blood in people whose kidneys can no longer ...
Before oral antifungal therapies are used to treat nail disease, a confirmation of the fungal infection should be made. [36] Approximately half of suspected cases of fungal infection in nails have a non-fungal cause. [36] The side effects of oral treatment are significant and people without an infection should not take these drugs. [36]
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys.It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way.
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Drugs come with a recommended dose in milligrams or micrograms per kilogram of body weight, and that is used in conjunction with the patient's age and body weight to determine a safe dose. In single-dose scenarios, the patient's body weight and the drug's recommended dose per kilogram are used to determine a safe one-time dose.