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Clapperboard. A clapperboard, also known as a dumb slate, clapboard, film clapper, film slate, movie slate, or production slate, is a device used in filmmaking, television production and video production to assist in synchronizing of picture and sound, and to designate and mark the various scenes and takes as they are filmed and audio-recorded.
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It becomes necessary when film or video that was not originally designed for widescreen is shown on a widescreen display, or a narrower widescreen image is displayed within a wider aspect ratio, such as a 16:9 image in a 2.39:1 frame (common in cinemas). The original material is shrunk and placed in the middle of the widescreen frame.
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Furthermore, DVD video has slightly more horizontal resolution than analogue video, giving it an effective aspect ratio of 1.38:1 which allows for a nearly full-screen 1.37:1 image to be stored without cropping, although whether this extra image information can be properly displayed depends on the equipment used.
Image:BlankMap-World-v6-Borders.png – Version of v6 with borders around each country. Image:BlankMap-World-v7.png – Version of v4 with thin lines to join areas owned by the same country for one-click colouring and with dots for dependencies as well as sovereign territories (merged content from v5 and v6).
The term "SmileBox" is a registered trademark [4] used to describe a type of letter-boxing for Cinerama films, such as on the Blu-ray release of How the West Was Won.The image is produced by using a map projection-like technique to approximate how the picture might look if projected onto a curved Cinerama screen.
Pan and scan is an important process to optimise the film presentation for home viewing and television. For HDTV, a combination of zooming and cropping is done to a portion of a frame, usually in accordance to the most important details in a shot. Pan and scan can be done on a scope (2.40:1) master for a film, or even the open matte version.