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[1] [4] When a patient is recovering from N 2 O anaesthesia, large quantities of this gas cross from the blood into the alveoli (down its concentration gradient) and so for a short period of time, the O 2 and CO 2 in the alveoli are diluted by this gas.
Pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction, in which blood vessels near the hypoxic alveoli constrict (narrow their diameter) in response to the lowered oxygen levels, can occur in pulmonary contusion. [27] The vascular resistance increases in the contused part of the lung, leading to a decrease in the amount of blood that flows into it, [ 38 ...
The incidence of post-stroke depression peaks at 3–6 months and usually resolves within 1–2 years after the stroke, although a minority of patients can go on to develop chronic depression. The diagnosis of post-stroke depression is complicated by other consequences of stroke such as fatigue and psychomotor retardation – which do not ...
This can take the form of oxygen delivered via nasal cannula or non-rebreather mask. Patients who require additional support may be given a high-flow nasal cannula which has an added function of providing positive pressure on the alveoli, can warm and humidify air and decrease required inspiratory effort of the patient. [8]
Oxygen therapy provides supplemental pure oxygen to improve the low blood oxygen level to ease breathing. It is useful for patients experiencing sleep apnea, pneumonia, and asthma. [ 20 ] Corticosteroids , antibiotics , pulmonary rehabilitation therapy , anticoagulants , and surgery can also serve as a medical treatment for ventilation ...
Since oxygen is exchanged at the alveoli-capillary membrane, nitrogen is a major component for the alveoli's state of inflation. If a large volume of nitrogen in the lungs is replaced with oxygen, the oxygen may subsequently be absorbed into the blood, reducing the volume of the alveoli, resulting in a form of alveolar collapse known as ...
Right side depicts what occurs after injury to the alveolus during the acute/exudative phase. Once the initial insult has damaged the alveoli and begun the process of DAD, the condition will typically progress in three phases: exudative, proliferative, and fibrotic. [6] Below are the description of the phases, paraphrased from Sweeney et al ...
Immediately following the event, blood flow and therefore oxygen transport is reduced locally, leading to hypoxia of the cells near the location of the original insult. This can lead to hypoxic cell death ( infarction ) and amplify the original damage from the ischemia ; however, the penumbra area may remain viable for several hours after an ...