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Bytecode (also called portable code or p-code) is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter.Unlike human-readable [1] source code, bytecodes are compact numeric codes, constants, and references (normally numeric addresses) that encode the result of compiler parsing and performing semantic analysis of things like type, scope, and nesting depths of ...
Most runs of text use the same script; for example, Latin, Cyrillic, Greek and so on. This normal use allows many runs of text to compress down to about 1 byte per code point. These stateful encodings make it more difficult to randomly access text at any position of a string.
UTF-8 byte order mark, commonly seen in text files. [28] [29] [30] FF FE: ÿþ: 0 txt others: UTF-16LE byte order mark, commonly seen in text files. [28] [29] [30] FE FF: þÿ: 0 txt others: UTF-16BE byte order mark, commonly seen in text files. [28] [29] [30] FF FE 00 00: ÿþ␀␀ 0 txt others: UTF-32LE byte order mark for text [28] [30] 00 ...
The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), uses a 7-bit binary code to represent text and other characters within computers, communications equipment, and other devices. Each letter or symbol is assigned a number from 0 to 127. For example, lowercase "a" is represented by 1100001 as a bit string (which is decimal 97).
The only literal byte pair left occurs only once, and the encoding might stop here. Alternatively, the process could continue with recursive byte pair encoding, replacing "ZY" with "X": XdXac X=ZY Y=ab Z=aa This data cannot be compressed further by byte pair encoding because there are no pairs of bytes that occur more than once.
UTF-16 is often claimed to be more space-efficient than UTF-8 for East Asian languages, since it uses two bytes for characters that take 3 bytes in UTF-8. Since real text contains many spaces, numbers, punctuation, markup (for e.g. web pages), and control characters, which take only one byte in UTF-8, this is only true for artificially ...
Binary files typically contain bytes that are intended to be interpreted as something other than text characters. Compiled computer programs are typical examples; indeed, compiled applications are sometimes referred to, particularly by programmers, as binaries. But binary files can also mean that they contain images, sounds, compressed versions ...
Only a small subset of possible byte strings are error-free UTF-8: several bytes cannot appear; a byte with the high bit set cannot be alone; and in a truly random string a byte with a high bit set has only a 1 ⁄ 15 chance of starting a valid UTF-8 character. This has the (possibly unintended) consequence of making it easy to detect if a ...