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Varicocele might be noticed as soft lumps, usually above the testicle and mostly on the left side of the scrotum. [5] Right-sided and bilateral varicocele does also occur. Men with varicocele can feel symptoms of pain or heaviness in their scrotum. [5] Large varicoceles present as plexus of veins and may be described as a "bag of worms".
Diagnosis of female varicocele, properly called pelvic compression syndrome, should be expected to be as frequent as male varicocele (15% of healthy asymptomatic men, which are thought to develop primarily during puberty and prevalence increases approximately 10% per decade of life [2]).
Risk factors include obesity, lack of exercise, leg trauma, and family history of the condition. [3] They also develop more commonly during pregnancy. [3] Occasionally they result from chronic venous insufficiency. [2] Underlying causes include weak or damaged valves in the veins. [1]
Pelvic congestion syndrome, also known as pelvic vein incompetence, is a long-term condition believed to be due to enlarged veins in the lower abdomen. [1] [7] The condition may cause chronic pain, such as a constant dull ache, which can be worsened by standing or sex. [1]
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Varicocele is a condition of swollen testicle veins. [27] It is present in 15% of normal men and in about 40% of infertile men. It is present in up to 35% of cases of primary infertility and 69–81% of secondary infertility. [28] Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to various causes Obesity increases the risk of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. [29]
Varicoceles and testicular torsion are conditions in which direct damage to the testicles can potentially lead to testicular atrophy. [6] [7] Varicoceles are pooling of blood in the veins that deliver blood away from the testicles and are relatively common, occurring in approximately 15% of adolescent and adults with testicles. [7]
An unusual manifestation of NCS includes varicocele formation and varicose veins in the lower limbs. [9] Another clinical study has shown that nutcracker syndrome is a frequent finding in varicocele-affected patients and possibly, nutcracker syndrome should be routinely excluded as a possible cause of varicocele and pelvic congestion. [10]
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