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The status of life as a human, at first is seen as very important. In the hierarchy of Buddhist cosmology it is low but not entirely at the bottom. It is not intrinsically marked by extremes of happiness or suffering, but all the states of consciousness in the universe, from hellish suffering to divine joy to serene tranquility can be experienced within the human world.
According to Buddhaghosa's Visuddhimagga, there are eight ways of meditating on death:. meditating on death as a murderer, since it takes away life; meditating on it as the ruin of success; viewing it by comparison with famous persons, reflecting that even these great ones eventually died, even the enlightened ones themselves; meditating on the body as the abode of many--many worms as well as ...
The Buddha advised: "These are the five facts that one should reflect on often, whether one is a woman or a man, lay or ordained." [5]Since the Buddha redefined kamma as intention in the Nibbedhika Sutta, intention or intentionally committed actions may be better translations of kamma in the last recollection.
In Buddhism, the three marks of existence are three characteristics (Pali: tilakkhaṇa; Sanskrit: त्रिलक्षण trilakṣaṇa) of all existence and beings, namely anicca (impermanence), dukkha (commonly translated as "suffering" or "cause of suffering", "unsatisfactory", "unease"), [note 1] and anattā (without a lasting essence).
The Buddha's ten principal disciples, who seem to be historical figures, in some cases very important figures in the early development of Buddhism, are given personalities in the literature, and various anecdotes concerning them are depicted in art, with or without the Buddha being present.
Later Buddhist scholars, such as the mid-1st millennium CE Pali scholar Buddhaghosa, suggested that the lack of a self or soul does not mean lack of continuity; and the rebirth across different realms of birth – such as heavenly, human, animal, hellish and others – occurs in the same way that a flame is transferred from one candle to another.
In other contexts, Avidya includes not knowing or not understanding the nature of phenomena as impermanent, the Four Noble Truths, [8] other Buddhist doctrines, or the path to end suffering. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] Sonam Rinchen states Avidya in the context of the twelve links, that "[Ignorance] is the opposite of the understanding that the person or ...
Buddhist monks used the contemplation of a decaying corpse as a monastic practice to reduce sensual desire. [1]: 25 In one Japanese tale, a monk called Genpin who has fallen in love with a chief councillor's wife overcomes this desire by imagining the woman's body decaying, and thus attains enlightenment by understanding the nature of the body.