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Processor instruction set, with details like register file structure, stack organization, memory access types, etc. Sizes, layouts, and alignments of basic data types that the processor can directly access; Calling convention, which controls how the arguments of functions are passed, and return values retrieved; for example, it controls the ...
Intrinsic functions are often used to explicitly implement vectorization and parallelization in languages which do not address such constructs. Some application programming interfaces (API), for example, AltiVec and OpenMP, use intrinsic functions to declare, respectively, vectorizable and multiprocessing-aware operations during compiling.
Some compilers (for example, GCC [8]) provide built-in versions of many of the functions in the C standard library; that is, the implementations of the functions are written into the compiled object file, and the program calls the built-in versions instead of the functions in the C library shared object file.
POD return values 33–64 bits in size are returned via the EAX:EDX registers. Non-POD return values or values larger than 64-bits, the calling code will allocate space and passes a pointer to this space via a hidden parameter on the stack. The called function writes the return value to this address. Stack aligned on 4-byte boundary. stdcall ...
An object file has a "header" with descriptive info; a variable number of "sections" that each has a name, some attributes, and a block of data; a symbol table; relocation entries; and so forth. Internally, BFD translates the data from the abstract view into the details of the bit/byte layout required by the target processor and file format.
GCC is a key component of the GNU toolchain which is used for most projects related to GNU and the Linux kernel. With roughly 15 million lines of code in 2019, GCC is one of the largest free programs in existence. [4] It has played an important role in the growth of free software, as both a tool and an example.
It may be specified this way because the standard does not specify that the internal representation of the null pointer is at address zero. Therefore the difference between the member address and the base address needs to be made. Some modern compilers (such as GCC) define the macro using a special form (as a language extension) instead, e.g. [3]
nm is a Unix command used to dump the symbol table and their attributes from a binary executable file (including libraries, compiled object modules, shared-object files, and standalone executables). The output from nm distinguishes between various symbol types.