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The C shell (csh or the improved version, tcsh) is a Unix shell created by Bill Joy while he was a graduate student at University of California, Berkeley in the late 1970s. It has been widely distributed, beginning with the 2BSD release of the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) which Joy first distributed in 1978.
It is essentially the C shell with programmable command-line completion, command-line editing, and a few other features. Unlike the other common shells, functions cannot be defined in a tcsh script and the user must use aliases instead (as in csh).
The C shell also introduced many features for interactive work, including the history and editing mechanisms, aliases, directory stacks, tilde notation, cdpath, job control and path hashing. On many systems, csh may be a symbolic link or hard link to TENEX C shell (tcsh), an improved version of Joy's original version. Although the interactive ...
Extraction of line segments can typically be done by bytes (-b), characters (-c), or fields (-f) separated by a delimiter (-d — the tab character by default). A range must be provided in each case which consists of one of N, N-M, N-(N to the end of the line), or -M (beginning of the line to M), where N and M are counted from 1 (there is no ...
COMMAND.COM, the original Microsoft command line processor introduced on MS-DOS as well as Windows 9x, in 32-bit versions of NT-based Windows via NTVDM; cmd.exe, successor of COMMAND.COM introduced on OS/2 and Windows NT systems, although COMMAND.COM is still available in virtual DOS machines on IA-32 versions of those operating systems also.
The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.
Used to prevent stand-alone execution of a script file intended for execution in a specific context, such as by the . command from sh/bash, source from csh/tcsh, or as a .profile, .cshrc, or .login file. Shebang lines may include specific options that are passed to the interpreter.
[13] "csh, tcsh, zsh, ash, and scsh are all released under the BSD or a BSD-like license." August 1978 (): Digital Equipment Corporation introduced the VT100. 1983 () The TENEX C shell "introduced file name and command completion in addition to command-line editing features. The tcsh was developed by Ken Greer at Carnegie Mellon University."