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The drugs are thrombolytics and fibrinolytics used in a process called thrombolysis. Surgeries performed may be minimally-invasive endovascular procedures such as a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which involves coronary angioplasty. The angioplasty uses the insertion of a balloon and/or stents to open up the artery. [1]
A drug-eluting stent (DES) is a small mesh tube that is placed in the arteries to keep them open in the treatment of vascular disease.The stent slowly releases a drug to block cell proliferation (a biological process of cell growth and division), thus preventing the arterial narrowing that can occur after stent implantation.
Balloon angioplasty/stent: Opening of narrow or blocked blood vessels using a balloon, with or without placement of metallic stents to aid in keep vessel patent. [5] Endovascular aneurysm repair: Placement of endovascular stent-graft across an aneurysm to prevent expansion or progression of the defective vessel. [6]
An anti-rejection-type medication, sirolimus, helps to limit the overgrowth of normal cells while the artery heals which reduces the chance of re-blockage in the treated area known as restenosis, and reduces the chances that another procedure is required. [1] [2] The Cypher stent was approved for use by the FDA in 2003. [2]
Vascular stents are commonly used in angioplasty, a surgical procedure that opens blocked arteries and places a stent to keep the artery open. This is a common treatment for heart attacks and is also used in the prevention and treatment of strokes. Over 2 million people receive a stent each year for coronary artery disease alone.
A 2015 trial compared CABG and the latest technological advancement of PCI, second-generation drug-eluting stents in multivessel disease. Their results indicated that CABG is a better option for CAD patients. [17] A trial published in 2021, comparing results after one year, also concluded that CABG is a safer option than PCI. [18]
Romano revealed that he had "just had to have a stent put in" his heart, because "I had 90% blockage" in "the main artery." He added, "I got kinda lucky that we found it."
Diagram of stent placement. In A, the catheter is inserted across the lesion. In B, the balloon is inflated, expanding the stent and compressing the plaque. In C, the catheter and deflated balloon have been removed. Before-and-after cross sections of the artery show the results of the stent placement. Arterial Stenting 3D Medical Animation