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Once their territories were incorporated into the United States, surviving Native Americans were denied equality before the law and often treated as wards of the state. [89] [90] Many Native Americans were moved to reservations—constituting 4% of U.S. territory. In a number of cases, treaties signed with Native Americans were violated.
This responsibility intersected with more intentional and direct forms of violence to depopulate the Americas. It is false to blame indigenous deaths on the spread of germs and diseases when intentional and genocidal forces were at play. Kelton and Edwards explain that Native peoples "did not die from accidentally introduced 'virgin' soil ...
His list included 7,193 people who died from atrocities perpetrated by those of European descent, and 9,156 people who died from atrocities perpetrated by Native Americans. [ 5 ] In An American Genocide, The United States and the California Catastrophe, 1846–1873 , historian Benjamin Madley recorded the numbers of killings of California ...
Cholera was one of the reasons for the deaths of Native Americans during the Trail of Tears. Traveling by steamboat was a common way to travel and cholera was present in the waterways used by the steamboats. [97] It is estimated that 5,000 Native Americans died of cholera on this journey to areas west of the Mississippi. [96]
Native Americans are killed in police encounters at a higher rate than any other racial or ethnic group in the United States. Native Americans are killed by police at 3 times the rate of White Americans and 2.6 times the rate of Black Americans, yet rarely do these deaths gain the national
Nearly 1,000 Native American children died or were killed while forced to attend U.S. government-affiliated boarding schools, according to a report by the Interior Department.
The Trail of Tears was the forced displacement of about 60,000 people of the "Five Civilized Tribes" between 1830 and 1850, and the additional thousands of Native Americans and their enslaved African Americans [3] within that were ethnically cleansed by the United States government.
The Sand Creek massacre (also known as the Chivington massacre, the battle of Sand Creek or the massacre of Cheyenne Indians) was a massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people by the U.S. Army in the American Indian Wars that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 675-man force of the Third Colorado Cavalry [5] under the command of U.S. Volunteers Colonel John Chivington attacked and destroyed a ...