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Level instrumentation determines the height of liquids by measuring the position of a gas/liquid or liquid/liquid interface within the vessel or tank. Such interfaces include oil/gas, oil/water, condensate/water, glycol/condensate, etc. Local indication (LI) includes sight glasses which show the liquid level directly through a vertical glass ...
The dead, stabilized crude flows to tanks for storage or to a pipeline for transport to customers such as an oil refinery. [3] [4] [7] The stabilization tower may typically operate at approximately 50 to 200 psig (345 – 1378 kPa). [5] Where the crude oil contains high levels of hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) a sour
If the pores are partially filled with gas or oil, which are resistant to the passage of electric current, the bulk formation resistance is higher than for water filled pores. For the sake of a convenient comparison from measurement to measurement, the electrical logging tools measure the resistance of a cubic meter of formation.
An external floating roof tank is a storage tank commonly used to store large quantities of petroleum products such as crude oil or condensate. It consists of an open- topped cylindrical steel shell equipped with a roof that floats on the surface of the stored liquid. The roof rises and falls with the liquid level in the tank. [1]
Tracers are used in the oil industry in order to qualitatively or quantitatively gauge how fluid flows through the reservoir, [1] as well as being a useful tool for estimating residual oil saturation. Tracers can be used in either interwell tests or single well tests. [2]
All unrefined crude oil has some water entrained within it. During transportation by ship, separation occurs naturally and water collects at the base of the tank below the oil, this is known as free water (FW). [4] Sales contracts for crude oil will typically specify the BS&W and FW to ensure the cargo meets quality standards.
An oil tanker's inert gas system is one of the most important parts of its design. [18] Fuel oil itself is very difficult to ignite, however its hydrocarbon vapors are explosive when mixed with air in certain concentrations. [19] The purpose of the system is to create an atmosphere inside tanks in which the hydrocarbon oil vapors cannot burn. [18]
Stack Tank Oil (STO) density (or API) may also be used by regulatory bodies to classify oil and oil products. Other properties such as Molecular Weight, saturated aromatic resin and asphaltene (SARA), refractive index, wax appearance temperature, asphaltene precipitation, and acid number, are also specified at Stock Tank conditions. [1]