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In computer networking, the maximum transmission unit (MTU) is the size of the largest protocol data unit (PDU) that can be communicated in a single network layer transaction. [1]: 25 The MTU relates to, but is not identical to the maximum frame size that can be transported on the data link layer, e.g., Ethernet frame.
If nothing was done, eventually the number of packets circulating would build up until the network was congested to the point of failure. Time to live is a field that is decreased by one each time a packet goes through a network hop. If the field reaches zero, routing has failed, and the packet is discarded. [6]
In telecommunications, packet switching is a method of grouping data into short messages in fixed format, i.e. packets, that are transmitted over a digital network.Packets are made of a header and a payload.
In order to do this, the protocol (lower) layer will add to the SDU certain data it needs to perform its function; which is called encapsulation. For example, it might add a port number to identify the application, a network address to help with routing, a code to identify the type of data in the packet and error-checking information.
OSI subdivides the Network Layer into three sublayers: 3a) Subnetwork Access, 3b) Subnetwork Dependent Convergence and 3c) Subnetwork Independent Convergence. [35] It was designed to provide a unified data-carrying service for both circuit-based clients and packet-switching clients which provide a datagram-based service model. It can be used to ...
1. Check to see if the destination is an address ‘owned’ by this computer. If so, process the packet. If not: a. Check to see if IP Forwarding is set to ‘Yes’. If no, the packet is destroyed. If yes, then i. Check to see if a network attached to this computer owns the destination address. If yes, route the packet to the appropriate network.
The ITU-T G.hn standard, which provides a way to create a high-speed (up to 1 Gigabit/s) Local area network using existing home wiring (power lines, phone lines and coaxial cables), is an example of a protocol that employs packet aggregation to increase efficiency.
The relative scalability of network data throughput as a function of packet transfer rates is related in a complex manner to payload size per packet. [17] Theoretically, as line bit rate increases, the packet payload size should increase in direct proportion to maintain equivalent timing parameters.