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Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. [3] [4] Heparin is a blood anticoagulant that increases the activity of antithrombin. [5] It is used in the treatment of heart attacks and unstable angina. [3] It can be given intravenously or by injection under the skin. [3]
The appropriate injection angle is based on the length of needle used, and the depth of the subcutaneous fat in the skin of the specific person. A 90-degree angle is always used for medications such as heparin. If administered at an angle, the skin and underlying tissue may be pinched upwards prior to injection.
Needle insertion angles for 4 types of injection: intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intradermal. Injections are classified in multiple ways, including the type of tissue being injected into, the location in the body the injection is designed to produce effects, and the duration of the effects.
Average molecular weight: heparin is about 15 kDa, and LMWH is about 4.5 kDa. [25] Less frequent subcutaneous dosing than for heparin for postoperative prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. Once or twice daily subcutaneous injection for treatment of venous thromboembolism and in unstable angina instead of intravenous infusion of high-dose heparin.
Heparin and warfarin are used to inhibit the formation and growth of existing thrombi, with the former used for acute anticoagulation while the latter is used for long-term anticoagulation. [8] The mechanism of action of heparin and warfarin are different as they work on different pathways of the coagulation cascade .
Heparin may be used for both prevention and the treatment of thrombosis. It exists in two main forms: an "unfractionated" form that can be injected under the skin (subcutaneously) or through an intravenous infusion, and a "low molecular weight" form that is generally given subcutaneously.
Coagulation is highly conserved throughout biology. In all mammals , coagulation involves both cellular components (platelets) and proteinaceous components (coagulation or clotting factors). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The pathway in humans has been the most extensively researched and is the best understood. [ 4 ]
injection aspirin not recommended with this medication [41] [24] [2] dabigatran: inhibits prothrombin [41] bivalirudin: inhibits prothrombin often given with aspirin [41] argatroban: anticoagulant inhibits prothrombin IV alternative to heparin in those developing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia [41] [24] desirudin: anticoagulant inhibits ...