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Aluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than that of other common metals , about one-third that of steel .
The need to exploit lower-grade poorer quality deposits and fast increasing input costs of energy, but also bauxite, as well as changes in exchange rates and greenhouse gas regulation, increased the net cost of aluminium; [132] the real price grew in the 1970s. [136] World production of aluminium since 1900.
of formation, Δ f H o gas? kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o gas? J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p? J/(mol K) Spectral data. UV-Vis;
Al 2 O commonly exists as a gas, since the solid state is not stable at room temperature and is only stable between 1050 and 1600 °C. Aluminium(I) oxide is formed by heating Al and Al 2 O 3 in a vacuum while in the presence of SiO 2 and C, and only by condensing the products. [2]
Similarly to the nucleophilic carbon center in the carbene, the lone pair on the aluminium center binds to the first azide equivalent. Nitrogen gas is liberated. With the second equivalent of azide, a five-member ring is formed. Aluminium (I) systems undergo reactions with azides in the same fashion as carbenes. [10]
It has been detected in the gas phase after explosion of aluminized grenades in the upper atmosphere [1] [2] [3] and in stellar absorption spectra. [ 4 ] Aluminium(II) oxide is one of the aluminium oxides (the most common is Aluminium oxide Al 2 O 3 ), as it was the rare example of aluminium(II) compound since aluminium usually exists in its +3 ...
Aluminium as a "fuel" for vehicles has been studied by Yang and Knickle. [1] In 2002, they concluded: The Al/air battery system can generate enough energy and power for driving ranges and acceleration similar to gasoline powered cars...the cost of aluminium as an anode can be as low as US$ 1.1/kg as long as the reaction product is recycled.
All values refer to 25 °C and to the thermodynamically stable standard state at that temperature unless noted. Values from CRC refer to "100 kPa (1 bar or 0.987 standard atmospheres)".