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Cabin Pressure and Bleed Air Control Panels on a Boeing 737-800. Modern jetliners have environmental control systems (ECS) that manage the flow of cabin air. Outside air enters the engines and is compressed in the forward section of the engine, prior to the combustion section, ensuring no combustion products can enter the cabin.
The control panel that controls cabin pressurisation and bleed air distribution on a Boeing 737-800. A fume event occurs when bleed air used for cabin pressurisation and air conditioning in a pressurised aircraft is contaminated by fluids such as engine oil, hydraulic fluid, anti-icing fluid, and other potentially hazardous chemicals.
Some engine maintenance manuals refer to such systems as "customer bleed air". [3] [4] [5] Bleed air is valuable in an aircraft for two properties: high temperature and high pressure (typical values are 200–250 °C (400–500 °F) and 275 kPa (40 psi), for regulated bleed air exiting the engine pylon for use throughout the aircraft).
Air bled from the engine fan is blown across the pre-cooler, located in the engine strut, and absorbs excess heat from the service bleed air. A fan air modulating valve (FAMV) varies the cooling airflow to control the final air temperature of the service bleed air. Notably, the Boeing 787 does not use bleed air to pressurize the cabin.
Some aircraft are equipped with pneumatic deicing boots that disperse ice build-up on the surface. These systems require less engine bleed air but are usually less effective than a heated surface. A few aircraft use a weeping wing system, which has hundreds of small holes in the leading edges and releases anti-icing fluid on demand to prevent ...
By the time the cold outside air has reached the bleed air valves, it has been heated to around 200 °C (392 °F). The control and selection of high or low bleed sources is fully automatic and is governed by the needs of various pneumatic systems at various stages of flight. Piston-engine aircraft require an additional compressor, see diagram ...
While modern engines with advanced control units can avoid many causes of stall, jet aircraft pilots must continue to take this into account when dropping airspeed or increasing throttle. A compressor anti-stall system is a compressor bleed system that automatically dumps away unwanted air to prevent compressor stalling. [5]
An electronic centralised aircraft monitoring (ECAM) or electronic centralized aircraft monitoring is a system that monitors aircraft functions and relays them to the pilots. It also produces messages detailing failures and in certain cases, lists procedures to undertake to correct the problem.