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In the physical chemistry study of polymers, the end-to-end vector is the vector that points from one end of a polymer to the other end. If each monomer unit in a polymer is represented by a point in space, the translation vectors r → i {\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{i}} connect between these points.
The two most time-consuming processes involved are the sequence-specific resonance assignment (backbone and side-chain assignment) and the NOE assignment tasks. Several different computer programs have been published that target individual parts of the overall NMR structure determination process in an automated fashion.
Admissible solutions are then a linear combination of solutions to the generalized eigenvalue problem = where is the eigenvalue and is the (imaginary) angular frequency. The principal vibration modes are different from the principal compliance modes, which are the eigenvectors of k {\displaystyle k} alone.
Viral vectors are employed for cellular reprogramming, like inducing pluripotent stem cells or differentiating adult somatic cells into different cell types. [9] Researchers also use viral vectors to create transgenic mice and rats for experiments. [10] Viral vectors can be used for in vivo imaging via the introduction of a reporter gene.
Vector (molecular biology), a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell Cloning vector, a small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloning purposes
These synthetic vectors have the ability to bind DNA and accommodate large genetic transfers. [37] One of the simplest methods involves using calcium phosphate to bind the DNA and then exposing it to cultured cells. The solution, along with the DNA, is encapsulated by the cells. [38]
IUPAC definition for a crosslink in polymer chemistry. In chemistry and biology, a cross-link is a bond or a short sequence of bonds that links one polymer chain to another. These links may take the form of covalent bonds or ionic bonds and the polymers can be either synthetic polymers or natural polymers (such as proteins).
A free vector is a vector quantity having an undefined support or region of application; it can be freely translated with no consequences; a displacement vector is a prototypical example of free vector. Aside from the notion of units and support, physical vector quantities may also differ from Euclidean vectors in terms of metric.