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Jablonski diagram including vibrational levels for absorbance, non-radiative decay, and fluorescence. When a molecule absorbs a photon, the photon energy is converted and increases the molecule's internal energy level. Likewise, when an excited molecule releases energy, it can do so in the form of a photon.
English: Jablonski diagram of absorbance, non-radiative decay, and fluorescence. Electronic transitions are about 1 eV. Vibrational transitions are about 0.1 eV. Rotational transitions (not shown) are about 0.001 eV. Absorption is about 1 femtosecond, relaxation takes about 1 picosecond, fluorescence takes about 1 nanosecond.
Fluorescence is illustrated schematically with the classical Jablonski diagram, first proposed by Jabłoński in 1933 [2] to describe absorption and emission of light. In 1946, he settled in Toruń where he was appointed Head of the Faculty of Physics at the Nicolaus Copernicus University .
Jablonski diagram indicating intersystem crossing (left) and internal conversion (right). Internal conversion is a transition from a higher to a lower electronic state in a molecule or atom. [ 1 ] It is sometimes called "radiationless de-excitation", because no photons are emitted.
Jablonski diagram of FRET with typical timescales indicated. The black dashed line indicates a virtual photon.. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence resonance energy transfer, resonance energy transfer (RET) or electronic energy transfer (EET) is a mechanism describing energy transfer between two light-sensitive molecules (chromophores). [1]
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Photoluminescence (abbreviated as PL) is light emission from any form of matter after the absorption of photons (electromagnetic radiation). [1] It is one of many forms of luminescence (light emission) and is initiated by photoexcitation (i.e. photons that excite electrons to a higher energy level in an atom), hence the prefix photo- . [ 2 ]
Jablonski diagram showing the redshift of the stimulated photon. This redshift allows the stimulated photon to be ignored. Diagram of the design of a STED device. The double laser design allows for excitation and stimulated emission to be used together for STED.