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Scattered fragments of both the original Aramaic Book of Giants (which were analyzed and published by Józef Milik in 1976) [42] and the Manichaean version of the same name (analyzed and published by Walter Bruno Henning in 1943) [43] were discovered along with the Dead Sea Scrolls in the Judaean desert in the 20th century and the Manichaean ...
After the introduction of hanging scrolls into Manichaean artistic production by the 10th century, it started to integrate a number of individual canonical images in one composite display. "The result was the emergence of modified canonical images. The Diagram of the Universe is an example of such a modified image." [6]
The Xiabuzan (Chinese: 下部讚 [1]) is a Chinese Manichaean hymn scroll found by British archaeologist Aurel Stein in the Mogao Grottoes. It contains a series of hymns used in religious ceremonies. It is currently held at the British Library, where it is catalogued as number S.2659. [2] [3]
Chinese Manichaeism, also known as Monijiao (Chinese: 摩尼教; pinyin: Móníjiào; Wade–Giles: Mo 2-ni 2 Chiao 4; lit. 'religion of Moni') or Mingjiao (Chinese: 明教; pinyin: Míngjiào; Wade–Giles: Ming 2-Chiao 4; lit. 'religion of light or 'bright religion'), is the form of Manichaeism transmitted to and currently practiced in China.
In the same year, French Sinologists Shawan and Perch and translated the scripture into French and considered them as Manichaean scripture. [2] The manuscript is in scrolls, with an incomplete head. It currently has 345 lines and approximately 7,000 characters. It is currently the only Chinese Manichean classic in China.
The Manichean Compendium is a Manichaean manuscript found in the Mogao Caves. It is a manuscript expounding the doctrine of Manicheaism. It was written in the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang by the Persian missionary Fuduo in 731. It briefly summarizes the basic teachings and rituals of the religion, and is an introductory document for ...
The Dunhuang Manichaean texts refers to three Manichaean manuscripts of the Tang dynasty found in the Buddhist scripture cave of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. [1] Chinese Manichaean hymn scroll; Incomplete scripture of Manichaeism; Manichaean Compendium; Irk Bitig a Turkic divination text written in the Old Turkic script.
Manichaean scripture includes nine main books: the Seven Treatises of Manichaeism, all personally written by Mani in Syriac, the Shabuhragan written by Mani in Middle Persian, and the Arzhang, a series of illustrations painted by Mani. The Kephalaia are not scriptural but rather a secondary literature on Manichaeism commenting on the scripture ...