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Cotton covers 2.5% of the world's cultivated land but uses 10-16% of the world's pesticides (including herbicides, insecticides, and defoliants), more than any other single major crop. [4] [7] Environmental consequences of the elevated use of chemicals in the non-organic cotton growing methods include the following:
The production of organic cotton can have detrimental environmental impacts due to the amount of water, land, chemicals, and emissions used to create it. [7] Approximately 2.6% of global water use can be attributed to the production of cotton. [7] Cotton cultivation is also responsible for about 11% of global pesticide consumption. [7]
Better Cotton is a non-profit, multistakeholder governance group that promotes better standards in cotton farming and practices across 22 countries. As of 2023, Better Cotton accounts for 22% of global cotton production. In the 2021-2022 cotton season, 2.2 million licensed farmers grew 5.4 million tonnes of Better Cotton. [2]
Textile recycling is the process of recovering fiber, yarn, or fabric and reprocessing the material into new, useful products. [1] Textile waste is split into pre-consumer and post-consumer waste and is sorted into five different categories derived from a pyramid model.
The association includes 17 test and research institutes in Europe and Japan, with offices in over 70 countries around the world (as of 2023). [16] Oeko-Tex awards: Product labels for textile products: Oeko-Tex Standard 100, Oeko-Tex Made in Green and Oeko-Tex Organic Cotton; Product label for leather articles: Oeko-Tex Leather Standard
Cotton production uses 2.5% of the world's farmland. [31] Half of all textiles produced are made of the fiber. [35] Cotton is a water-intensive crop, requiring 3644 cubic meters of water to grow one ton of fiber, or 347 gallons per pound. [36] Growing cotton requires 25% of insecticides and 10-16% of pesticides of what is used globally every year.
However, recycled paper has a multitude of benefits from an environmental perspective. [ 79 ] [ 80 ] For all the state-of-the-art technology now incorporated into modern paper mills, the industry's underlying structure is still based upon a worldview that was transformative in the 19th-century but is out-of-date as the 21st century approaches.
Tree-free paper, also known as no tree paper, offers an alternative to traditional wood-pulp paper [1] due to its unique raw material [2] composition. This type of paper is considered more eco-friendly especially when evaluating its entire life cycle. Sources of fiber for tree-free paper [3] [4] [5] Tree-free paper fibers are derived from ...