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A collider is a type of particle accelerator that brings two opposing particle beams together such that the particles collide. [1] Compared to other particle accelerators in which the moving particles collide with a stationary matter target, colliders can achieve higher collision energies. Colliders may either be ring accelerators or linear ...
Particle accelerators or colliders produce collisions (interactions) of particles (like the electron or the proton). The colliding particles form the Initial State. In the collision, particles can be annihilated or/and exchanged producing possibly different sets of particles, the Final States.
High-energy collider parameters from the Particle Data Group; Particle accelerators around the world; Lawrence and his laboratory Archived 2018-01-18 at the Wayback Machine – a history of the early years of accelerator physics at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory; A brief history and review of accelerators (11 pgs, PDF file) [permanent dead link ]
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and hundreds of universities and laboratories across more than 100 countries. [ 3 ]
In high-energy particle colliders, matter creation events have yielded a wide variety of exotic heavy particles precipitating out of colliding photon jets (see two-photon physics). Currently, two-photon physics studies creation of various fermion pairs both theoretically and experimentally (using particle accelerators , air showers ...
The Tevatron (background circle), a synchrotron collider type particle accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Batavia, Illinois, USA. Shut down in 2011, until 2007 it was the most powerful particle accelerator in the world, accelerating protons to an energy of over 1 TeV (tera electron volts).
For colliders, it is the place where the beams interact. Experiments ( detectors ) at particle accelerators are built around the nominal interaction points of the accelerators. The whole region around the interaction point (the experimental hall) is called an interaction region.
The energy involved in a fixed target experiment is 4 times smaller compared to that in collider with the dual beams of same energy. [5] [6] More over in collider experiments energy of two beams is available to produce new particles, while in fixed target case a lot of energy is just expended in giving velocities to the newly created particles.