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He managed to identify microglia between 1919 and 1921 by staining the cells with silver carbonate. [3] His method of staining also led to the discovery of oligodendroglia in 1921, [ 4 ] which both he and Penfield are now credited with. [ 2 ]
Microglia are a type of glial cell located throughout the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS). [1] Microglia account for about 10–15% of cells found within the brain. [2] As the resident macrophage cells, they act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the CNS. [3]
20665 Ensembl ENSG00000100146 ENSMUSG00000033006 UniProt P56693 Q04888 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006941 NM_011437 RefSeq (protein) NP_008872 NP_035567 Location (UCSC) Chr 22: 37.97 – 37.99 Mb Chr 15: 79.04 – 79.05 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Transcription factor SOX-10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOX10 gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the ...
When microglia interact with the deposited fibrillar forms of β-amyloid it leads to the conversion of the microglia into an activated cell and results in the synthesis and secretion of cytokines and other proteins that are neurotoxic. [2] One preliminary model as to how this would occur involves a positive feedback loop.
Some plaques occur in the brain as a result of aging, but large numbers of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease. [5] The plaques are highly variable in shape and size; in tissue sections immunostained for Aβ, they comprise a log-normal size distribution curve, with an average plaque area of 400 ...
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
Neuroinflammation is widely regarded as chronic, as opposed to acute, inflammation of the central nervous system. [5] Acute inflammation usually follows injury to the central nervous system immediately, and is characterized by inflammatory molecules, endothelial cell activation, platelet deposition, and tissue edema. [6]
Autoreactive T cells must normally be held in check by the suppressive environment produced by microglia and dendritic cells in the eye. [19] These cells produce large amounts of TGF beta and other suppressive cytokines, including IL-10, to prevent damage to the eye by reducing inflammation and causing T cells to differentiate to inducible T ...