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A ground-adjustable propeller is a simple type of aircraft variable-pitch propeller where the blade angle can be adjusted between pre-set limits of fine and coarse pitch. [1] As its name implies, a ground-adjustable propeller may be adjusted only when the aircraft is on the ground and when the engine is not running.
The simplest mechanism is the ground-adjustable propeller, which may be adjusted on the ground, but is effectively a fixed-pitch prop once airborne. The spring-loaded "two-speed" VP prop is set to fine for takeoff, and then triggered to coarse once in cruise, the propeller remaining coarse for the remainder of the flight.
Unlike a standard one-piece boat or aircraft propeller, a modular propeller is made up of using a number of replaceable parts, typically: a set of matched blades; a propeller hub; and; an end cap to retain the blades and to secure the propeller as a solid unit. Ground-adjustable Arplast modular propeller on ARV Super2
In contrast, a propeller set for good cruise performance may stall at low speeds, because the angle of attack is too high. A propeller with adjustable blade angle is more efficient over a range of conditions. A propeller with variable pitch can have a nearly constant efficiency over a range of airspeeds. [1]
During the 1930s and 1940s, McCauley produced wooden propellers. [11] The company is noted for having invented the ground-adjustable, solid-steel propeller in 1941. [7] [8] During World War II, McCauley manufactured 20,000 ground-adjustable solid-steel propellers. [1] In 1946, the company invented the forged aluminum propeller.
Ivoprop produce both in-flight adjustable and ground-adjustable propellers of unusual design. Whereas conventional variable-pitch propellers rotate at the blade root, the Ivoprop design has its blade fixed. The blade is hollow, containing a steel torsion rod fixed to the blade tip.
The company was originally part of Aircraft Sales and Parts, but was sold off to an employee in 2000. Originally producing fixed pitch wooden propellers, the company expanded into ground adjustable designs and more recently introducing the GSC-GTA, a mechanical, inflight-adjustable propeller.
The Rotax engine has a low fuel consumption and relatively low noise. The engine drives the propeller, which has ground-adjustable pitch, through a gearbox with a 2.273:1 reduction ratio. Ikarus C42. The aircraft is structurally supported by a backbone of large diameter aluminium tube which runs the length of the aircraft.