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IUPAC nomenclature has extensive rules to cover the naming of cyclic structures, both as core structures, and as substituents appended to alicyclic structures. [citation needed] The term macrocycle is used when a ring-containing compound has a ring of 12 or more atoms. [6] [7] The term polycyclic is used when more than one ring appears in a ...
Hydrocarbons also include alkenes, which contain a double bond between carbon atoms (e.g. ethylene H 2 C=CH 2), alkynes, which contain a triple bond between carbon atoms (e.g. acetylene H−C≡C−H), cyclic and branched hydrocarbons (e.g. cyclohexane C 6 H 12, limonene C 10 H 16, which is a cyclic hydrocarbon with double bonds between carbon ...
In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene) are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. [1] In other words, a cycloalkane consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring (possibly with side chains), and all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single.
The benzenoid hydrocarbons have been defined as condensed polycyclic unsaturated fully-conjugated hydrocarbons whose molecules are essentially planar with all rings six-membered. Full conjugation means that all carbon atoms and carbon-carbon bonds must have the sp 2 structure of benzene.
Oil refineries are one way hydrocarbons are processed for use. Crude oil is processed in several stages to form desired hydrocarbons, used as fuel and in other products. Tank wagon 33 80 7920 362–0 with hydrocarbon gas at Bahnhof Enns (2018) The predominant use of hydrocarbons is as a combustible fuel source. Methane is the predominant ...
In organic chemistry, a cycloalkene or cycloolefin is a type of alkene hydrocarbon which contains a closed ring of carbon atoms and either one or more double bonds, but has no aromatic character. Some cycloalkenes, such as cyclobutene and cyclopentene, can be used as monomers to produce polymer chains. [1]
The siloxane bond can then form via a silanol + silanol pathway or a silanol + chlorosilane pathway: 2 R 3 Si−OH → R 3 Si−O−SiR 3 + H 2 O R 3 Si−OH + R 3 Si−Cl → R 3 Si−O−SiR 3 + HCl. Hydrolysis of a silyldichloride can afford linear or cyclic products. Linear products are terminated with silanol groups: n R 2 Si(OH) 2 → H(R ...
Due to the activated nature of the cyclic carbon–carbon triple bond, many alkyne addition-type reactions such as the Diels–Alder, 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and halogenation may be performed using very mild conditions and in the absence of the catalysts frequently required to accelerate the transformation in a non-cyclic system. In addition ...