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The time between the removal of the HBsAg and the appearance of anti-HBs is called the window period. A person negative for HBsAg but positive for anti-HBs either has cleared an infection or has been vaccinated previously. Individuals who remain HBsAg positive for at least six months are considered to be hepatitis B carriers. [68]
The genome organisation of HBV; the genes overlap. ORF S, in green, encodes HBsAg. HBsAg under a transmission electron microscope: the protein self assembles into virus-like particles. HBsAg (also known as the Australia antigen) is the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Its presence in blood indicates existing hepatitis B infection.
If HBsAg is present, a second test – usually done on the same blood sample – that detects the antibody for the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBcAg) can differentiate between acute and chronic infection. [85] [89] People who are high-risk whose blood tests negative for HBsAg can receive the hepatitis B vaccine to prevent future infection.
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HBIG should be given within 14 days of exposure to the hepatitis B virus. [7] The half-life of HBIG is about 3 weeks. In lieu of a booster administration of HBIG, a hepatitis B vaccination is initiated at the time of the initial HBIG administration, thus providing long term protection.
HBeAg is produced by proteolytic processing of the pre-core protein. The DNA polymerase is encoded by gene P. Gene S is the gene that codes for the surface antigen (HBsAg). The HBsAg gene is one long open reading frame but contains three in frame "start" (ATG) codons that divide the gene into three sections, pre-S1, pre-S2, and S. Because of ...
List of medical symptoms. Medical symptoms refer to the manifestations or indications of a disease or condition, perceived and complained about by the patient. [1] [2] Patients observe these symptoms and seek medical advice from healthcare professionals.
It is produced by yeast cells, into which the gene for HBsAg has been inserted. [65] Afterward an immune system antibody to HBsAg is established in the bloodstream. The antibody is known as anti-HBs. This antibody and immune system memory then provide immunity to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. [71]