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By World War I, there were isolated groups of Germans or so-called Schwaben as far southeast as the Bosphorus , Georgia, and Azerbaijan. After the war, Germany's and Austria-Hungary's loss of territory and the rise of communism in the Soviet Union meant that more Germans than ever constituted sizable minorities in various countries.
The aftermath of World War I saw far-reaching and wide-ranging cultural, economic, and social change across Europe, Asia, Africa, and even in areas outside those that were directly involved. Four empires collapsed due to the war, old countries were abolished, new ones were formed, boundaries were redrawn, international organizations were ...
After World War II, many countries adopted policies of economic liberalization in order to stimulate their economies.. The period directly after the war did not see many, the most notable exception being West Germany's reforms of 1948, which set the stage for the Wirtschaftswunder in the 1950s and helped inform many of the liberalisations that were to come.
Klaus Schwab, founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, Richard Baldwin and Philippe Martin have divided the history of globalization into four eras: Globalization 1.0 was before World War I, Globalization 2.0 was after World War II "when trade in goods was combined with complementary Globalization 3.0, for which other terms ...
The Nazi regime oversaw Germany's rise as a militarist world power from the state of humiliation and disempowerment it had experienced following its defeat in World War I. From the late 1930s to its defeat in 1945, Germany was the most formidable of the Axis powers - a military alliance between Imperial Japan , Fascist Italy , and their allies ...
Britain and France declared war and World War II began – somewhat sooner than the Nazis expected or were ready for. [47] After establishing the "Rome-Berlin axis" with Benito Mussolini, and signing the Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan – which was joined by Italy a year later in 1937 – Hitler felt able to take the offensive in foreign policy ...
At the peak of the crisis the United States, with the Hoover Moratorium, gained the support of 15 nations for a one-year moratorium on all reparations and war debts. [83] Germany had paid about one-eighth of its war reparations when they were suspended in 1932 by the Lausanne Conference of 1932. The failure of major banks in Germany and Austria ...
Hitler required Soviet help to procure rubber from the Far East, the shortage of which had caused Germany problems in World War I. [1] Rubber production in Malaya and the East Indies was dominated by the British and the Dutch. [1] Cutting off these sources would leave Germany with stockpiles for only two months. [1]