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Painful exposures to capsaicin-containing peppers are among the most common plant-related exposures presented to poison centers. [33] They cause burning or stinging pain to the skin and, if ingested in large amounts by adults or small amounts by children, can produce nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and burning diarrhea.
For example, typical fresh chili peppers have a water content around 90%, whereas Tabasco sauce has a water content of 95%. [12] For law-enforcement-grade pepper spray , values from 500,000 up to 5 million SHU have been reported, [ 1 ] [ 13 ] but the actual strength of the spray depends on the dilution. [ 3 ]
Structural formula Name Scoville heat units Abbreviation Reference Resiniferatoxin: 16,000,000,000 RTX [2] [3] [4]Tinyatoxin: 5,300,000,000 TTX or TTN [4]Phenylacetylrinvanil
Research highlights capsaicin, the main bioactive compound in chili peppers, for its promising health benefits, particularly for cardiometabolic health. Evidence suggests it has the potential to ...
By Esther Sung The word "pepper" refers to members of the genus Capsicum, which includes hot varieties, also known as chile peppers, and sweet varieties, such as the bell pepper. Up until the ...
The most recognized Capsicum without capsaicin is the bell pepper, [43] a cultivar of Capsicum annuum, which has a zero rating on the Scoville scale. The lack of capsaicin in bell peppers is due to a recessive gene that eliminates capsaicin and, consequently, the hot taste usually associated with the rest of the genus Capsicum. [44]
Capsinoids are non-alkaloid substances naturally present in chili peppers. Although they are structurally similar to capsaicin, the substance that causes pungency in hot peppers, they largely lack that characteristic. Capsinoids have an estimated "hot taste threshold" which is about 1/1000 that of capsaicin.
The spicy capsaicin content of the chilis must have aroused the interest of the Portuguese, who for decades have been looking for easier sources for the then-rare black pepper of Asia (the piquant compound in which is piperine); one of the major motivations for the Columbian voyages was to discover a new route to Asia for direct trade in spices ...