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A pie chart showing the percentage by web browser visiting Wikimedia sites (April 2009 to 2012) In mathematics, a percentage (from Latin per centum ' by a hundred ') is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using the percent sign (%), [1] although the abbreviations pct., pct, and sometimes pc are also used. [2]
The 2, 8, and 9 resemble Arabic numerals more than Eastern Arabic numerals or Indian numerals. Leonardo Fibonacci was a Pisan mathematician who had studied in the Pisan trading colony of Bugia , in what is now Algeria , [ 15 ] and he endeavored to promote the numeral system in Europe with his 1202 book Liber Abaci :
the indices from present to XII (months) as Latin ordinals and Roman numerals and the numbers (of rabbit pairs) as Hindu-Arabic numerals starting with 1, 2, 3, 5 and ending with 377. The Fibonacci sequence first appears in the book Liber Abaci ( The Book of Calculation , 1202) by Fibonacci [ 16 ] [ 17 ] where it is used to calculate the growth ...
A typical clock face with Roman numerals in Bad Salzdetfurth, Germany. The notion of a twelve-hour day dates to the Roman Empire. Roman numerals continued as the primary way of writing numbers in Europe until the 14th century, when they were largely replaced in common usage by Hindu–Arabic numerals.
A common, vulgar, [n 1] or simple fraction (examples: 1 / 2 and 17 / 3 ) consists of an integer numerator, displayed above a line (or before a slash like 1 ⁄ 2), and a non-zero integer denominator, displayed below (or after) that line. If these integers are positive, then the numerator represents a number of equal parts, and ...
Once written zero came into play, the rod numerals had become independent, and their use indeed outlives the counting rods, after its replacement by abacus. One variation of horizontal rod numerals, the Suzhou numerals is still in use for book-keeping and in herbal medicine prescription in Chinatowns in some parts of the world.
To represent this, the Japanese language has a special word for "20-years-old" that does not follow the rest of their numbering system. Accordingly, the word 二十歳 is read all at once as "はたち" ( hatachi ) rather than the expected pronunciation of the three characters as "にじゅうさい" ( nijyuusai , which is literally "two," "ten ...
When written in base 10, all multiples of 2 will end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8, [3] more generally, in any even base, even numbers will end with an even digit. 2 is the smallest and the only even prime number, and the first Ramanujan prime. [4] It is also the first superior highly composite number, [5] and the first colossally abundant number. [6]