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  2. Process identifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_identifier

    In Unix-like operating systems, new processes are created by the fork() system call. The PID is returned to the parent process, enabling it to refer to the child in further function calls. The parent may, for example, wait for the child to terminate with the waitpid() function, or terminate the process with kill().

  3. Parent process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parent_process

    After Linux kernel 3.4 this is no longer true, in fact processes can issue the prctl() system call with the PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER option, and as a result they, not process #1, will become the parent of any of their orphaned descendant processes. This is the way of working of modern service managers and daemon supervision utilities including ...

  4. kill (command) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_(command)

    In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, kill is a command used to send a signal to a process. By default, the message sent is the termination signal , which requests that the process exit . But kill is something of a misnomer; the signal sent may have nothing to do with process killing.

  5. fork (system call) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_(system_call)

    In computing, particularly in the context of the Unix operating system and its workalikes, fork is an operation whereby a process creates a copy of itself. It is an interface which is required for compliance with the POSIX and Single UNIX Specification standards.

  6. List of POSIX commands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_POSIX_commands

    This is a list of POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2024, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems.

  7. init - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init

    Version 7 Unix: /etc listing, showing init and rc Version 7 Unix: contents of an /etc/rc Bourne shell script. In Unix-based computer operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the operating system. Init is a daemon process that continues running until the system is shut down.

  8. Zombie process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zombie_process

    On Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems, a zombie process or defunct process is a process that has completed execution (via the exit system call) but still has an entry in the process table: it is a process in the "terminated state".

  9. wait (command) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wait_(command)

    where n is the pid or job ID of a currently executing background process (job). If n is not given, the command waits until all jobs known to the invoking shell have terminated. wait normally returns the exit status of the last job which terminated.