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The TIM complex is a protein translocase located on the inner membrane. It is part of the TOM/TIM supercomplex, which spans the intermembrane space. [3] The TIM complex is responsible for sorting proteins into the mitochondrial matrix or into the membrane. TIM22 and TIM23 are the main subunits.
TOMM40 codes for a protein that is embedded into outer membranes of mitochondria and is required for the movement of proteins into mitochondria.More precisely, TOMM40 is the channel-forming subunit of the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, a translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane that is essential for protein transport into the mitochondrion.
The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) is a complex of proteins found in the outer mitochondrial membrane of the mitochondria. It allows movement of proteins through this barrier and into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. Most of the proteins needed for mitochondrial function are encoded by the nucleus of the cell.
In enzymology, the complex is described as an mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase (EC 7.4.2.3), or more systematically ATP phosphohydrolase (mitochondrial protein-importing), as the TIM part requires ATP hydrolysis to work. Only 13 proteins necessary for a mitochondrion are actually coded in mitochondrial DNA.
Cytochrome c is a highly conserved protein across the spectrum of eukaryotic species, found in plants, animals, fungi, and many unicellular organisms. This, along with its small size (molecular weight about 12,000 daltons), [7] makes it useful in studies of cladistics. [8] Cytochrome c has been studied for the glimpse it gives into evolutionary ...
Mitochondria contain around 1000 proteins in yeast and 1500 proteins in humans. However, only 8 and 13 proteins are encoded in mitochondrial DNA in yeast and humans respectively. Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized via cytoplasmic ribosomes. [4] Proteins that are key components in the electron transport chain are translated in ...
The TIM23 complex facilitates translocation of matrix-targeted proteins into the mitochondrial matrix. [1] These proteins contain a cleavable presequence. The TIM23 complex is made up of the subunits Tim17, Tim21 and Tim23, which are thought to contribute to the structural formation of the translocation channel that spans the inner membrane ...
Protein import into mitochondria Hundreds of proteins encoded by the nucleus are required for mitochondrial metabolism, growth, division, and partitioning to daughter cells, and all of these proteins must be imported into the organelle. [8] Translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) and translocase of the inner membrane (TIM) mediate the import of ...