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Heterophoria is usually asymptomatic. This is when it is said to be "compensated". When fusional reserve is used to compensate for heterophoria, it is known as compensating vergence. In severe cases, when the heterophoria is not overcome by fusional vergence, sign and symptoms appear. This is called decompensated heterophoria.
While the heterophoria refers to a fusion-free vergence state, the fixation disparity refers to a small misalignment of the visual axes when both eyes are open in an observer with normal fusion and binocular vision. [1] The misalignment may be vertical, horizontal or both. The misalignment (a few minutes of arc) is much smaller than that of ...
Any disease that causes vision loss may also cause strabismus, [34] but it can also result from any severe and/or traumatic injury to the affected eye. Sensory strabismus is strabismus due to vision loss or impairment , leading to horizontal, vertical or torsional misalignment or to a combination thereof, with the eye with poorer vision ...
strength of binocular functions (control) of a heterophoria to determine if it is decompensating [5] fusional convergence with a base out prism; fusional divergence with a base in prism; vertical amplitude with base up and base down prisms; positive and negative relative fusional convergence by asking patient to report when blur is appreciated
Vertical prism ( base-up, or base-down) can also be added into the trial frames to separate the two red lines (This avoids confusion if the patients claim that they only see one red line). The degree of deviation and the direction (incyclo or excyclo) can be determined by the angle of rotation that causes the line images to appear horizontal ...
You stop dead in your tracks. Your heart races, heat rushes to your face, and your mouth goes dry. Is it…? You inch closer, barely trusting what you’re seeing. Yes. Yes, it is. You’ve just ...
The cause of congenital fourth nerve palsy is unclear in most cases. It may be neurogenic in origin, due to a dysgenesis of the CN IV nucleus or nerve, but a clinically similar palsy may result from absence or mechanical dysfunction (e.g., abnormal laxity) of the superior oblique tendon. Usually unilateral, congenital fourth nerve palsies can ...
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