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Heterophoria is usually asymptomatic. This is when it is said to be "compensated". When fusional reserve is used to compensate for heterophoria, it is known as compensating vergence. In severe cases, when the heterophoria is not overcome by fusional vergence, sign and symptoms appear. This is called decompensated heterophoria.
Fixation disparity is a tendency of the eyes to drift in the direction of the heterophoria.While the heterophoria refers to a fusion-free vergence state, the fixation disparity refers to a small misalignment of the visual axes when both eyes are open in an observer with normal fusion and binocular vision. [1]
Method for measuring vertical deviations: 1. The Maddox Rod is held in front of the patient's right eye with the cylinders vertical, making the red line horizontal. 2. The patient is then asked whether the white light is superimposed on the red line or if it appears above or below the red line.
strength of binocular functions (control) of a heterophoria to determine if it is decompensating [5] fusional convergence with a base out prism; fusional divergence with a base in prism; vertical amplitude with base up and base down prisms; positive and negative relative fusional convergence by asking patient to report when blur is appreciated
A latent deviation, or heterophoria (eso-, exo-, hyper-, hypo-, cyclophoria or a combination of these), is only present after binocular vision has been interrupted, typically by covering one eye. This type of person can typically maintain fusion despite the misalignment that occurs when the positioning system is relaxed.
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It is especially important when a person has heterophoria. Premotor cells for fusional vergence are located in the mesencephalon near the oculomotor nucleus. Premotor cells for fusional vergence are located in the mesencephalon near the oculomotor nucleus.
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