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Citizenship is a legal status in a political institution such as a city or a state.The relationship between a citizen and the institution that confers this status is formal, and in contemporary liberal-democratic models includes both a set of rights that the citizen possesses by virtue of this relationship, and a set of obligations or duties that they owe to that institution and their fellow ...
Conceptually citizenship and nationality are different dimensions of state membership. Citizenship is focused on the internal political life of the state and nationality is the dimension of state membership in international law. [35] Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right to nationality. [36]
Citizenship is a membership and allegiance to a sovereign state. [1] [a]Though citizenship is often conflated with nationality in today's English-speaking world, [3] [4] [5] international law does not usually use the term citizenship to refer to nationality; [6] [7] these two notions are conceptually different dimensions of collective membership.
The Constitution of the United States did not define either nationality or citizenship, but in Article 1, section 8, clause 4 gave Congress the authority to establish a naturalization law. [10] Before the American Civil War and adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment, there was no other language in the Constitution dealing with nationality. [11]
United States nationality gives the right to acquire a United States passport. [1] The one shown above is a post-2007 issued passport. A passport is commonly used as an identity document and as proof of citizenship.
The right to a nationality and the prohibition against depriving one's nationality is codified in article 15 of the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights". Article 1 of the "Convention on Certain Questions Relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws" states: [11] It is for each State to determine under its own law who are its nationals.
Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-national of a country acquires the nationality of that country after birth. [1] The definition of naturalization by the International Organization for Migration of the United Nations excludes citizenship that is automatically acquired (e.g. at birth) or is acquired by declaration.
The distinction between the meaning of the terms citizenship and nationality is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers to a status given to an individual indicating the state which exercises jurisdiction over that particular person [2] and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state; citizenship ...