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In some words of Germanic origin (e.g. get, give), loan words from other languages (e.g. geisha, pierogi), and irregular Greco-Latinate words (e.g. gynecology), the hard pronunciation may occur before e i y as well. The orthography of soft g is fairly consistent: a soft g is almost always followed by e i y .
A silent e can occur after c at the end of a word or component root word part of a larger word. The e can serve a marking function indicating that the preceding c is soft, as in dance and enhancement. The silent e often additionally indicates that the vowel before c is a long vowel, as in rice, mace, and pacesetter.
The "soft" c may represent the / ʃ / sound in the digraph ci when this precedes a vowel, as in the words 'delicious' and 'appreciate', and also in the word "ocean" and its derivatives. The digraph ch most commonly represents / tʃ / , but can also represent / k / (mainly in words of Greek origin) or / ʃ / (mainly in words of French origin).
Traditional Spelling Revised (TSR) is a conservative English-language spelling reform which seeks to apply the underlying rules of English orthography more consistently. [1] It was created by Stephen Linstead and chosen by the International English Spelling Congres (IESC) as the preferred alternative to the defective English orthography in ...
G. Hard and soft G; Ghoti; Alexander Gill the Elder; H. List of English homographs; I. I before E except after C; K. Silent k and g; L. List of English words that may ...
In addition to indicating that a preceding vowel is a long vowel, a silent e when it immediately follows a c or g also indicates that the c is a soft c and the g is a soft g . For example: Măc > mācɇ (/ ˈ m æ k / → / ˈ m eɪ s /) stăg > stāgɇ (/ ˈ s t æ ɡ / → / ˈ s t eɪ dʒ /)
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There are no letters that have context-dependent sound values, the way c and g in several European languages have a "hard" or "soft" pronunciation. The IPA does not usually have separate letters for two sounds if no known language makes a distinction between them, a property known as "selectiveness".