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As the world's largest and highest tropical island, New Guinea occupies less than 0.5% of world's land surface, yet supports a high percentage of global biodiversity. Approximately 4,624 vertebrate species inhabit the island of New Guinea and its surrounding waters, which constitutes about 8% of the recognized world vertebrates.
As a result, island ecosystems comprise 30% of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, 50% of marine tropical diversity, and some of the most unusual and rare species. [2] Many species still remain unknown. The diversity of species on islands is highly impacted by human activities such as deforestation and introduction of the exotic species.
Bougainville Island and six islands of the Solomon Islands Red-chinned lorikeet: V. rubrigularis (Sclater, 1881) LC: New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover Island, and Karkar Island: New Caledonian lorikeet: V. diadema (Verreaux and des Murs, 1860) CR: Last official sighting in 1913 in New Caledonia Red-throated lorikeet: V. amabilis (Ramsay ...
Specimens of both species were collected from the island’s cloud forests and subjected to DNA analysis, researchers said. Discover more new species Thousands of new species are found each year.
During the recent ice ages of the Pleistocene and the Holocene separation from the mainland caused extinctions and speciation of fauna on the island. The high complexity of the Bornean tropical rain forest has created many niches that accommodate a rich diversity of fauna. Some fauna are specialised and some coexisted by having niche separation ...
A unique and diverse albeit phylogenetically restricted mammal fauna [note 1] is known from the Caribbean region. The region—specifically, all islands in the Caribbean Sea (except for small islets close to the continental mainland) and the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands, and Barbados, which are not in the Caribbean Sea but biogeographically belong to the same Caribbean bioregion—has ...
The endemic fauna of the Marquesas has been extensively affected by human activity as well as by the introduction of domestic and pest species. Owing to their remoteness from continental landmasses (while they are not the most isolated islands in the world, they are the most distant from any continent), the Marquesas exhibit a paucity of endemic terrestrial species.
The island's indigenous plant and animal species are thriving, [98] and it was reported in 2010 that its coral reefs are among the most pristine in the world. [3] The introduced coconut palm is a highly competitive plant which blocks the light and so prevents other species from growing, but is only prevalent on South Islet. [ 99 ]