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Candlepower (abbreviated as cp or CP) is a unit of measurement for luminous intensity. It expresses levels of light intensity relative to the light emitted by a candle of specific size and constituents. The historical candlepower is equal to 0.981 candelas. In modern usage, candlepower is sometimes used as a synonym for candla. [1]
A mechanically powered flashlight (UK: mechanically powered torch) is a flashlight that is powered by electricity generated by the muscle power of the user, so it does not need replacement of batteries, or recharging from an electrical source. There are several types which use different operating mechanisms.
These were developed in the late 1930s, with a 60 centimetres (24 in) diameter parabolic glass reflector and was powered by an 8 kilowatt generator. The lamp output was rated at 135 million candelas, and it had a detection range of about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) for targets travelling at an altitude of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft).
[12] [22] [Note 7] The original light was an incandescent oil vapor lamp fueled with kerosene. [23] At 370,000 candle power it could be seen from 35 miles (56 km) away at sea on a clear night. [3] The light assembly rotated on a liquid mercury reservoir, allowing up to one rotation per 15 seconds.
Alligator Reef Light is located 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) east of Indian Key, near the Matecumbe Keys of Florida in the United States, north of Alligator Reef itself. The station was established in 1873.
1962 Nick Holonyak Jr. develops the first practical visible-spectrum (red) light-emitting diode. 1963 Kurt Schmidt invents the first high pressure sodium-vapor lamp. [17] 1972 M. George Craford invents the first yellow light-emitting diode. 1972 Herbert Paul Maruska and Jacques Pankove create the first violet light-emitting diode.
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The carbon arc light, which consists of an arc between carbon electrodes in air, invented by Humphry Davy in the first decade of the 1800s, was the first practical electric light. [1] [2] It was widely used starting in the 1870s for street and large building lighting until it was superseded by the incandescent light in the early 20th century. [1]
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