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List of side effects of estradiol which may occur as a result of its use or have been associated with estrogen and/or progestogen therapy includes: [1] [2]. Gynecological: changes in vaginal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, increase in size of uterine leiomyomata, vaginitis including vaginal candidiasis, changes in cervical secretion and cervical ectropion, ovarian cancer, endometrial hyperplasia ...
[126] [127] [124] Women who are not on a birth control pill or hormone therapy have a risk of VTE of about 1 to 5 out of 10,000 women per year. [126] [127] [116] [124] In women taking a birth control pill containing ethinylestradiol and a progestin, the risk of VTE is in the range of 3 to 10 out of 10,000 women per year.
An estrogen patch is applied directly to the skin, preferably near the lower abdomen, hips, or buttocks, and is usually changed once or twice per week. For women who have not undergone a hysterectomy, it is often suggested that they take progestogen in addition to an estrogen patch in order to protect the endometrium of the uterus.
3 mg 1x/3–4 weeks: 5 mg 1x/3–4 weeks Estradiol benzoate: 0.5 mg 1x/week: 1 mg 1x/week: 1.5 mg 1x/week SC implant: Estradiol: 25 mg 1x/6 months: 50 mg 1x/6 months: 100 mg 1x/6 months Footnotes: a = No longer used or recommended, due to health concerns. b = As a single patch applied once or twice per week (worn for 3–4 days or 7 days ...
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Other research has found that the rate of VTE is 1 to 5 in 10,000 woman-years in women who are not pregnant or taking a birth control pill, 3 to 9 in 10,000 woman-years in women who are on a birth control pill, 5 to 20 in 10,000 women-years in pregnant women, and 40 to 65 in 10,000 women-years in postpartum women. [104]
Different sources note different incidence of side effects. The most common side effect is breakthrough bleeding. Combined oral contraceptive pills can improve conditions such as dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, and acne, [105] reduce symptoms of endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, and decrease the risk of anemia. [106]
Estradiol valerate by intramuscular injection is usually used at a dosage of 10 to 20 mg every 4 weeks in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and hypoestrogenism due to hypogonadism, castration, or primary ovarian failure in women. [13] In the past, it was used at even higher doses of 10 to 40 every 1 to 4 weeks for estrogen replacement. [36]