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Calibration test preceding the first nuclear explosion Dahlgren NOL 22 Sept-18 Nov 1952 Dahlgren, Virginia United States 4,200 28 TNT Mk 7 Depth charge Underwater -2.3 to -5.4 Obtain data on the scaling of surface phenomena from shallow underwater explosions and studies of base surge and water formation. Jangle HE 1-4 Jangle
A blast wave travels faster than the speed of sound, and the passage of the shock wave usually lasts only a few milliseconds. Like other types of explosions, a blast wave can also cause damage to things and people by the blast wind, debris, and fires. The original explosion will send out fragments that travel very fast.
An idealized shock tube. The plot shows different waves which are formed in the tube once the diaphragm is ruptured. A shock tube is an instrument used to replicate and direct blast waves at a sensor or model in order to simulate explosions and their effects, usually on a smaller scale. Shock tubes (and related impulse facilities such as shock ...
The team used advanced computer modelling to study how a nuclear blast wave speeds through a standing structure. Their simulated structure featured rooms, windows, doorways, and corridors and allowed them to calculate the speed of the air following the blast wave and determine the best and worst places to be.
The test was held at the Suffield Experimental Station in Alberta and was the largest ever man-made, non-accidental explosion in Canada. The test was also the first of its kind using a stacked TNT block hemisphere of such magnitude, a method repeated in six subsequent tests such as Operation Sailor Hat and Prairie Flat .
In more detail (in the ZND model) in the frame of the leading shock of the detonation wave, gases enter at supersonic velocity and are compressed through the shock to a high-density, subsonic flow. This sudden change in pressure initiates the chemical (or sometimes, as in steam explosions, physical) energy release. The energy release re ...
The duration of the blast wave depends on the type of explosive material and the distance from the point of detonation. The blast wave progresses from the source of explosion as a sphere of compressed and rapidly expanding gases, which displaces an equal volume of air at a very high velocity. The velocity of the blast wave in air may be ...
In addition to nuclear explosions, the signatures of many other kinds of explosions [3] can also be detected and analyzed by forensic seismology, [1] and even other phenomena such as ocean waves (the global microseism), the movement of icebergs across the sea floor or in collision with other icebergs, [4] or explosions within submarines. [5] [6]