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Examples of hybrid forms of organization include: Public service organizations established by societal actors, such as (in the European context) social housing providers, public schools and hospitals. Public-sector organizations that behave in a business-like way, such as state-owned enterprises that also compete on the marketplace.
The L3C structure was designed by Robert M. Lang, Jr., who was the CEO of a New York-based family foundation. [4] Lang developed the structure as a way for foundations to clear tax and regulatory hurdles when it came to donations. With the first L3C statute being enacted in 2008, L3Cs are considered a relatively young legal form of business ...
In previous examples, successful institutions are defined by strong hybridity. However, hybridity which is too strong can challenge the legitimacy of academic-scientific-private hybrids. Gulbrandsen highlights the dilemma faced by Research Institutions in their engagement with the private sector and universities.
An economic system, or economic order, [1] is a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within a society. It includes the combination of the various institutions , agencies, entities, decision-making processes, and patterns of consumption that comprise the economic structure of a given community.
A hybrid regime [a] is a type of political system often created as a result of an incomplete democratic transition from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one (or vice versa). [ b ] Hybrid regimes are categorized as having a combination of autocratic features with democratic ones and can simultaneously hold political repressions and ...
A dual economy is the existence of two separate economic sectors within one country, divided by different levels of development, technology, and different patterns of demand. The concept was originally created by Julius Herman Boeke to describe the coexistence of modern and traditional economic sectors in a colonial economy. [1]
Institutional economics focuses on understanding the role of the evolutionary process and the role of institutions in shaping economic behavior.Its original focus lay in Thorstein Veblen's instinct-oriented dichotomy between technology on the one side and the "ceremonial" sphere of society on the other.
The second is focused on the institutional environment and formal rules. It uses the economics of property rights and positive political theory. The third focuses on governance and the interactions of actors within transaction cost economics, "the play of the game". Williamson gives the example of contracts between groups to explain it.